Knowledge Base

General purpose I/Os (GPIOs) enable the use of a pin as an input as well as an output. When using cameras with GPIOs with a PLC, you will meet the challenge that the output signal of the GPIO is not high enough to give a switching signal to the PLC. One solution to overcome this issue is to use a...

Considerable time has passed since the finalisation of USB 3.1 specification in August 2013 where an announcement was made that it would double USB 3.0 theoretical transfer speeds to 10 Gbps and support scalable power delivery of up to 100 Watt using the USB Power Delivery spec. Here is the clarification of current situation: Quick points about USB 3.1 USB 3.1, at the moment, has...

Mosa creators of award-winning, leading edge, high tech tile for walls, floors and terraces, began barely a year ago to work with SEM, an advanced electron microscopy technology. In that short space of time, however, the device that is the size of an old PC has proved its effectiveness, helping Mosa achieve a significant step in its efforts to research the chemical nature...

Tiesheng Wang, Meisam Farajollahi, Sebastian Henke, Tongtong Zhu, Sneha R. Bajpe,a Shijing Sun,a Jonathan S. Barnard, June Sang Lee, John D. W. Madden, Anthony K. Cheethama and Stoyan K. Smoukov Reactions inside the pores of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer potential for controlling polymer structures with regularity to sub-nanometre scales. We report a wet-chemistry route to poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)–MOF composites. After a twostep removal...

The equipment listed below has been tested successfully with the following Baumer camera models featuring the USB 3.0 interface. Products VCXU cameras VEXU cameras MXU cameras VLU cameras PXU cameras   Click here for more information

The equipment listed below has been tested successfully with the following Baumer camera models featuring GigE interface. Products VisiLine® cameras VisiLine® IP cameras HXG cameras SXG cameras TXG cameras LXG cameras EXG cameras VCXG cameras MXG cameras VEXG cameras   Click here for more information

Chromatic-dispersion Based on complex spectral analysis of the optical field, the Apex Technologies Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser AP2441B/AP2443B is able to measure the chromatic dispersion and the group delay of a transmission line. This paper is dedicated to explain clearly the measurement method of two examples of a 13.2 km standard Single Mode Fibre (SMF) length using a 10 Gb/s...

Constellation-and-eye-diagram-qpsk This paper depicts the strong contribution of the Apex Technolgoies Optical Complex Spectrum Analyser AP2441B/AP2443B in characterising and evaluating 43 Gb/s DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Shift Keying) modulators thanks to its ability to display the phase eye pattern and the constellation. Low-drive-voltage (3.5 V) and uniform modulation characteristics of MZIs (Mach Zehnder Modulators) were achieved with Z-cut dual-drive nested-MZIs...

MZI-time-resolved-chirp-and-inetensity-measurement The spectrum of a chirped optical NRZ data stream obtained by an external Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) is analysed using the Apex Technologies Optical Complex Spectrum Analyzer AP2441B/AP2443B. We  demonstrate that it is possible to induce chirp without broadening the optical spectrum by employing a MZM with optical power unbalancing in the two waveguides. For standard chirped MZM (different...

Instensity-and-chirp-temporal-parameters-of-a-MZI-modulator The discussion exposed in this paper is based on a synthesis of several elements collected in some publications dealing with fundamental characteristics of Mach-Zehnder electro-optic travelling wave intensity modulators. We draw an analysis of the optical response of these modulators to a time varying drive voltage, modelised after a description of their technological conception. Then we review the...